Directions: For each Unit’s Power Standard Objectives (TEKS), define the key terms, complete the skills (if asked), and answer the practice items #1-60. This completed Study Guide will be turned in before you take your exam on ___________, December ____.
Power Standard Objectives
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TEKS 6.17C: Analyze how and why culture traits spread.
KEY TERMS
Culture traits – each kind of food, clothing, language, or religion shared by a culture
Exploration – when people move to another place to see what it is like there
Conquest – when people move to another place and take it and its people over
Trade – exchanging of goods between people
Technology – any tool that helps get a job done
Globalization – the development of a worldwide culture through the spreading of ideas and information amongst countries
PRACTICE ITEMS
2. Complete the chart.
TEKS: 6.15C Analyze the similarities and differences among selected world societies.
KEY TERMS
• culture region – an area that includes different countries that share culture traits
• Judaism – a monotheistic religion founded in southwest Asia , followers read the Torah
• Christianity - a monotheistic religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ
• Islam - a monotheistic religion whose followers believe that Allah is god and Muhammed is his prophet, or religious messenger
• Hinduism – religion founded in India
• Buddhism – religion founded in India
• Describe the similarities and differences among the major world religions.
PRACTICE ITEMS
3. Which of the following is a common characteristic of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?
a. The belief in more than one god
b. The belief in reincarnation
c. The belief in the Father, Son and Holy Spirit
d. The belief in the God of Abraham
4. Complete the chart
How are cultures similar?
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How do cultures differ?
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Obtaining Food
Government
Passing on information
Beliefs/Traditions
Nuclear Family
Things/objects
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How and what
Food
Clothing
Religion
Governments
Size of family
Language
tools
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TEKS 6.16: Explain how certain institutions are basic to all societies, but characteristics of these institutions may vary from one society to another.
KEY TERMS
• Government - rules and laws for a country that give it a structure
• limited - everyone, even the leaders, are expected to follow laws
· unlimited - leaders do not always follow the laws
• Economic systems – how a nations economy is set up
· traditional – people do the jobs that they always have done in their families
· command – government control of price, supply, and production
· market (free enterprise) – consumers and producers set prices based on demand and supply
• Religion – a system of spiritual beliefs and practices of a group of people
PRACTICE ITEMS
5. Which of the following countries does NOT have a democratic government?
A. Canada
B. India
C. Saudi Arabia
D. Mexico
6. Identify four economic systems.
Traditional
Market/Free Enterprise
Command
Mixed
TEKS 6.19A: Explain the relationship among religious ideas, beliefs, & cultures.
PRACTICE
7. Complete the chart:
Religion
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Believers are called
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Holiest City
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Ways of Worship
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Religious Leaders
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Christianity
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Christians
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Church, prayer, sermon, read Bible
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Priest, minister, pastor
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Islam
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Muslims
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Jerusalem, Mecca, Medina
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Prayer, pilgrimage, reading from Quran
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Imam
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Judaism
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Jews
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Jerusalem
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Prayer, reading from Torah
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Rabbi
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Hinduism
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Hindus
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Ganges River
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prayer, meditation
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Guru, brahman
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Buddhism
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Buddhists
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Bodh Gaya
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Prayer, meditation
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Monks
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8. Complete the Venn diagram to compare two religions – Buddhism and Hinduism.
Areas of comparison/key terms can include: polytheism, monotheism, religious leaders, holy books, ritual practices, area of origin, etc.
TEKS 6.21A: Differentiate, locate, and use primary and secondary sources such as computer software, interviews, biographies, oral, print, and visual materials, and artifacts to acquire information about selected world cultures.
KEY TERMS
• Primary sources - an item made at or near the time of a historical event by someone who observed the event firsthand.
• Secondary sources - an item that provides a secondhand interpretation of an event after some time has passed.
• Biographies – a story written about someone’s life
• Artifacts – items that help geographers understand how people lived long ago
Primary Sources
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Secondary Sources
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A. Definition: an item made at or near the time of a historical event by someone who observed the event firsthand.
1. Usually a written record
2. Can also include visual evidence and physical objects.
B. Examples: newspaper, articles, census records, letters, photographs, diaries, maps, and sound recordings
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A. Definition: an item that provides a secondhand interpretation of an event after some time has passed.
1. Often based on primary sources
2. Can use other secondary sources
B. Examples: history books, reference books, maps, and tables based on other sources
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PRACTICE
9. Label each of the following as a primary (P) or secondary (S) source:
__P_Diary _P__Letter _S__Biography
__S_Textbook _P__Political cartoon __S_Website database
10. Which of the following would be the best resource to determine the current population of the United States
A. Biography of President Obama
B. Dictionary
C. Map of the United States
D. Official website of the U.S.
TEKS 6.21B: Analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions.
PRACTICE
11. Sequence - Which group of dates is arranged in correct chronological order?
a. 345 B.C. 10 B.C. 245 A.D. 1245 A.D.
b. 231 B.C. 123 A. D. 46 B.C. 1990 A.D.
c. 23 B.C. 465 B.C. 267 B.C. 389 B.C.
d. 410 A.D. 239 A.D. 145 A.D. 23 A.D.
12. Identify – What are the four factors of production?
Labor resource, human resource, natural resource, entreprenuer
13. Summarize – How do the four levels of industry affect the production of a good?
All are needed for production to occur
14. Generalization - What is a generalization that can be made based on the demographic data of Latin America ?
A. Most Latin American countries are Roman Catholic.
B. Most Latin American countries speak Spanish.
C. Most Latin American countries were colonized by European countries.
D. All of the above.
15. Compare and Contrast – Compare and Contrast any 2 of the 5 religions we studied.
TEKS: 6.3 - Use maps, globes, graphs, charts, models, and databases to answer geographic questions.
SKILLS
• How do we use latitude and longitude to locate places? – how far east or west of the Prime Meridian, or how far north or south of the Equator some place is
• How are relative location and absolute location different? – RL is close to where some place is, and AL
• What is population density? – the average number of people living in a region
• What is a map projection? – an image of something 3-D like a globe shown on a 2-D surface, like a map
• What information is provided by a legend/key? – what the symbols and colors on a map mean
• What are the different ways the earth can be divided? – into 4 halves – Northern and Southern hemispheres, and Eastern and Western hemispheres
• How do you measure distance on a map? - map scale
• What is the difference between a map and a globe? – a map is flat and can distort the shape of the land, while a globe is round and more accurate
• What are landforms? physical features like mountains, plains, and valleys
- What type of information would you gather from a chart, graph, or data base to learn about a nation’s economic status? life expectancy, literacy rate, GDP
KEY TERMS
- Political and Physical maps – political has human features like boundaries and cities, while a physical shows natural features like oceans, rivers, and vegetation
- thematic maps – maps that show a theme, such as population density or climate
- absolute and relative location - RL - close to where some place is, and
- continents – large land masses, there are 7 on earth
- landforms - physical features like mountains, plains, and valleys
- geographic factors – climate, vegetation, land use, landforms
- hemisphere – half of the Earth
- projection – image of the round Earth printed on a flat surface, it distorts the shape
- scale – tools used to measure distance
- compass rose – shows N, S, E, W
- equator – divides Earth in half N and S
- prime meridian – divides Earth in half E and W
PRACTICE
16. The eastern part of the Roman Empire was located on which continent?
a. Europe
b. Africa
c. Asia
d. Spain
17. The information in the box is an example of -
Desert
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Tundra
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Tropical Grassland
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A. natural regions
B. absolute location
D. landforms
18. Central America is located in which hemisphere?
A. Southern and Eastern
B. Southern and Western
C. Northern and Western
D. Northern and Eastern
TEKS 6.4A: Locate major historical and contemporary societies on maps and globes.
KEY TERMS
• Historical societies – maps showing information from long ago
• Contemporary societies – maps showing information from today
• continent – physical feature, a large land mass with countries
• country – political feature, a region with a common set of laws and history
• North America (Native Americans, Colonies, United States and Canada
PRACTICE
19. What is the relative location of Europe from North America ?
east
20. What present day country includes the following coordinates: 20° N, 80° E? p. 41
India
a. Area 1
b. Area 2
c. Area 3
d. Area 4
TEKS 6.4B: Identify and explain the geographic factors responsible for patterns of population in places and regions.
KEY TERMS
· Transportation corridors – allow movement
· Transportation barriers – prevent movement
· Climate – pattern of weather for a region over a long period of time
· geographic factors – climate, vegetation, land use, landforms
· Five themes of geography – pg 35
o Place – What is it Iike there?
o Location – Where is it?
o Region – How does one area compare to another?
o Movement – How do people, goods, and ideas go from place to place?
o
• North America ’s Landforms – land use, climate, vegetation
· Rocky Mountains
· Appalachian Mountains
· Great Plains
· Canadian Shield
PRACTICE
22. Which pair of geographic factors might discourage the settlement of societies past and present?
A. Deserts, mountains
B. Plains, hills
C. Mountains, rivers
D. Plains, deserts
A. deserts
B. oceans
C. mountains
D. plateaus
24. Which country has the most metropolitan areas?
A. Chile
B. Argentina
C. Uruguay
D. Brazil
TEKS 6.5: Explain how geographic factors influence the economic development, political relationships, and policies of societies.
KEY TERMS
- Imports – goods going ____, or being purchased
- Exports – goods going ______, or being sold away
- Natural resources: renewable/nonrenewable – materials that come from the ground, such as oil (non-renewable), or tree (renewable)
PRACTICE
Economy Trade agreement Physical barriers Transportation corridors Resources
North America is a continent with many 25 __resources___. However, it also contains mountains, deserts, and vast rivers that once formed 26 _Physical barriers_. As more and more people populated the continent, technology developed to improve movement of people and goods. One example of this is the interstate highway system in the U.S. These roads form a network of 27 _ transportation corridors __ that have grown to include Canada and Mexico, too. The growing 28 __economy_ of the region has increased the number of goods flowing through the continent as well as to other continents. One result of this growth is NAFTA, a 29 _ Trade agreement _ that promotes cooperation.
TEKS 6.7: Analyze the impact of interactions between people and the physical environment on the development of places and regions.
KEY TERMS
- Irrigation – humans control the flow of water to artificially water crops
- agriculture - farming
PRACTICE
30. The ancient Aztec and Incan civilizations faced geographic challenges for farming, such as swamps and mountains. How were these people able to overcome these challenges?
31. List three developments in technology that have helped people better adapt to their environment.
TEKS 6.11A: Describe characteristics of limited and unlimited governments.
KEY TERMS
- Government – rules and laws for a country that give it a structure
- Limited governments – everyone, even the leaders, are expected to follow laws
- unlimited governments – leaders do not always follow the laws
- democracy – rule of many people, limited
- monarchy – rule of one such as a king or queen
- absolute - unlimited
- constitutional - limited
- dictatorship – rule of one who takes over using the military, unlimited
- communism – govt and state own all property, unlimited
- republic – citizens elect representatives to rule, limited
- oligarchy – rule of a few, usually wealthy, unlimited
- theocracy – rule by religious law or a religious figure, unlimited
PRACTICE
32. Which of the following is an example of unlimited government?
A. Constitutional monarchy
B. Republic
C. Democracy
D. Dictatorship
33. List three examples of each type of government listed below.
Limited Unlimited
1.democracy 1.tyranny
2.Constitutional monarchy 2.dictatorship
3.republic 3.monarchy
34. Describe the key characteristics that differentiate a limited government from an unlimited government:
Limited=constitution, rulers have to abide by same laws, individual rights
Unlimited=ruler has unlimited power to do what they want, little to no individual rights
TEKS 6.12A: Identify alternative ways of organizing governments such as rule by one, few, or many.
KEY TERMS (identify examples of forms of government)
· Rule by one—monarchy
• Rule by few—oligarchy
• Rule by many—democracy
• Direct democracy— originated in ancient Greece______________
• Republican democracy—originated in ancient __Rome_______, adopted in 1700s by ___United States_______
PRACTICE
Use the chart below to answer the question that follows.
Political System
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Characteristics
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Democracy
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Tyranny
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Monarchy
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Oligarchy
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35. Which of the following statements is true?
A. All political systems protect the rights of individual citizens.
B. A monarchy offers the least protection to individual citizens.
C. Citizens have the right to elect their dictator.
D. A democracy offers the greatest freedom and protection to citizens.
36. Complete the sentence:
- A republic is a nation in which the power belongs to the _people__, who govern through __elected____ representatives.
37. Which of the following is an example of a democratic republic?
a. The laws for a nation are made by a dictator.
b. The laws for a nation are made by elected representatives.
c. The laws for a nation are made by the king or queen.
d. The laws for a nation are made by the wealthy.
TEKS 6.13A: Describe roles and responsibilities of citizens in selected contemporary societies including the United States
KEY TERMS
- Rights – privileges citizens automatically are entitled to
- Responsibilities – duties citizens should perform to make society better
- Citizen – a legal member of a community or nation
- Citizenship – the act of being a legal member of a community or nation
- Patriotism – showing love for one’s country
- political process – the legal activities that a person does to help the town, state, nation
- Bill of Rights – added in 1791, protects citizens rights from being taken away by govt
- Identify the rights of being a
Freedom of religion, speech, press; right to bear arms; right to a speedy trial; right to not testify against oneself; right to trial by jury
- Identify the responsibilities of a
Pay taxes, cast an informed vote, serve on a jury when asked, serve in military if called upon to do so, community serve, obey laws
PRACTICE
38. Citizens of the United States
A. Responsibility
B. Right
C. Service
D. Tradition
39. An adult citizen of the U.S.
A. military service
B. printing money
C. voting in election
D. running for office
40. Name 3 of the 6 responsibilities of being a U.S.
TEKS 6.8 B: Identify and differentiate among traditional, market, and command economies in selected contemporary societies, including the benefits of the U.S.
KEY TERMS
- traditional – people do the jobs that they always have done in their families
- command – government control of price, supply, and production
- market (free enterprise) – consumers & producers set prices based on demand & supply
- economic indicators – what economists use to measure whether a country has a developed economy, undeveloped, or developing
- GDP – gross domestic product, or how much a nation sells during a year
- literacy rates – number of people who can read
- mortality rates – number of people who die in a year
- life expectancy – how long people are expected to live
PRACTICE
41. Identify the economic system based on its characteristics:
__Traditional____
Determined by social and cultural customs
Allocation of resources, goods, and services may be determined by local leaders.
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___Command_______
Government control of resources, production, and pricing
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___Market/Free Enterprise___
Supply and demand determines price and production.
There is very little government intervention.
Entrepreneurship is encouraged.
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42. What is the main difference between a command and market economy?
A. Supply and demand
B. Competition between businesses
C. Government control of production
D. Availability of natural resources
43. What are the benefits of a free-enterprise/market system?
Possible increased profit for entrepreneur
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High quality because of competition
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Low price because of competition
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TEKS 6.9 A: Describe ways in which factors of production (natural resources, labor, capital, and entrepreneurs) influence the economies of selected contemporary societies.
KEY TERMS
- Factors of production – the 4 ingredients that go into the production of a good; a change in supply or price of one can affect the others and the total price of the good
- natural resources – the raw materials used in a product
- labor resources – the work people do to make a product
- capital resources – the tools and technology used to put the product together
- entrepreneur – the idea person who puts it all together
- supply – the amount of a product for sale
- demand – how much people want the product
- competition – when producers go against each other to sell a product faster, or when consumers go against each other to see who can buy a product cheaper
- scarcity – not enough of
- abundance – a lot of
- trade – exchange of goods between people or nations
PRACTICE
44. Which of the following is MOST likely to cause the price of a taco to increase?
A. The wages of the workers at the restaurant go down.
B. A new taco stand opens across the street.
C. The cost of beef, lettuce, and tomatoes goes up.
D. Other restaurants lower their price of tacos.
45. What are the four factors of production? Draw an example for each.
Human resources
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Natural resources
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Capital resources
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Entrepreneur
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TEKS 6.10A: Define and give examples of primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary industries.
KEY TERMS
- Primary – taking of raw materials from the ground
- Secondary – making those raw materials into a product at a factory
- Tertiary – selling those products in a store or business
- Quaternary – passing on information to the other industries about a product
- Interdependence – relying on one another
- Distribution – the spreading around of something
- Industry – making something
PRACTICE
46. What are the four types of industries?
• What are examples of the different types of industries?
Industry
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Example
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Primary/agricultural
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Farming, mining, logging, fishing, oil rigging
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Secondary/manufacturing
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Refining gasoline, making paper, clothes, etc.
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Tertiary/Retail, Wholesale, Service
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Stores, gas station, lawn services, hairdresser, mechanics
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Quaternary/research
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Universities, marketing, media outlets
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47. Write the type of industry (P,S,T,Q) for each example listed below.
a. Target T b. Wells Fargo Bank T
c. Imperial Sugar Factory S d. Coal Mine P
e. Shell Gas Station T f. Research Survey Q
g. Crash Test Dummy Facility Q h. College Q
i. Farmer P j. Dow Chemical Company S,T,Q
TEKS: 6.3 Use maps, globes, graphs, charts, models, and databases to answer geographic questions.
PRACTICE
48. In what hemispheres are the US and Canada
A. Southern and Eastern
B. Southern and Western
C. Northern and Western
D. Northern and Eastern
49. Label the US and CANADA
Canada
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US
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TEKS 6.4A: Locate major historical and contemporary societies on maps and globes.
50. Make a Key and Shade the regions in North America where the British, French, and Spanish set up colonies.
British = eastern
French = Central
Spanish = southwestern
TEKS 6.4B: Identify and explain the geographic factors responsible for patterns of population in places and regions.
PRACTICE
51. On the 2 maps below, shade where most of the people in those countries live.
(Near ocean/water)
52. Give 2 geographic factors for each explaining why people live there.
Climate, water resources
TEKS 6.11A: Describe characteristics of limited and unlimited governments.
PRACTICE
53. The United States
Constitution. This type of rule is called __________.
A. limited government
B. anarchy
C. unlimited government
D. oligarchy
54. What is the difference between limited and unlimited government?
a. In an unlimited government citizens are a part of the political process. In a limited government citizens are not part of the political process
b. In a limited government laws must be followed by leaders and in a unlimited government leaders do not have to follow the laws.
c. Various forms of limited and unlimited government are different among world societies and it is the decision of that country on the form of government they will use.
TEKS 6.12A: Identify alternative ways of organizing governments such as rule by one, few, or many.
PRACTICE
55. Gatesland is a make-believe country with a population of 100,000 people. Laws
are made and issues decided by a group of 100 of the wealthiest people in Gatesland. This type of government is an example of __________.
A. democracy
B. monarchy
C. oligarchy
D. dictatorship
56. Smithland is a make-believe country with a population of about 100,000 people and about 100 communities. Each year every community holds an election in which they elect one person to represent them in the Smithland government. This is an example of __________. A. representation and oligarchy
B. dictatorship
C. monarchy
D. representative democracy
TEKS 6.13A: Describe roles and responsibilities of citizens in selected contemporary societies including the United States
PRACTICE
Pay Taxes
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Obey laws
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Serve on jury
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Serve on military
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Community service
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Participate in the political process
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Cast informed vote
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TEKS 6.16: Explain how certain institutions are basic to all societies, but characteristics of these institutions may vary from one society to another.
PRACTICE
59. Complete the diagram that sets up the organization and structure of the United States
Separation of powers
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Separation of powers
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Judicial
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Executive
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Legislative
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Interpret laws
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Enforce laws
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Make laws
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courts
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President, VP, cabinet
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Congress
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House of Rep.
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Senate
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Checks and balances
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TEKS 6.4A: Locate major historical and contemporary societies on maps and globes.
PRACTICE
60a. The US declared its independence in _1776________.
60b. Label the 2 letter abbreviations of the 13 colonies/first 13 states on the map.
New Hampshire
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Pennsylvania
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Georgia
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Virginia
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S.Carolina
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N.Carolina
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Maryland
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Delaware
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NJ
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NY
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Conn
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RI
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Mass.
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