Friday, December 14, 2012

2012 Fall Semester Exam Review

Directions: For each Unit’s Power Standard Objectives (TEKS), define the key terms, complete the skills (if asked), and answer the practice items #1-60. This completed Study Guide will be turned in before you take your exam on ___________, December ____.

Power Standard Objectives
TEKS 6.17C: Analyze how and why culture traits spread.


KEY TERMS
Culture traits – each kind of food, clothing, language, or religion shared by a culture
Exploration – when people move to another place to see what it is like there
Conquest – when people move to another place and take it and its people over
Trade – exchanging of goods between people
Technology – any tool that helps get a job done
Globalization – the development of a worldwide culture through the spreading of ideas and information amongst countries

PRACTICE ITEMS
1. The impact of European Colonialism on the continent of Africa overall was:
A.        It improved the lives of all Africans.
B.        It created a division among ethnic groups.
C.        It brought wealth and prosperity to Africans.
D.        It created new job opportunities for Africans.
2.  Complete the chart.




TEKS: 6.15C Analyze the similarities and differences among selected world societies.

KEY TERMS
           culture region – an area that includes different countries that share culture traits
           Judaism – a monotheistic religion founded in southwest Asia, followers read the Torah
           Christianity - a monotheistic religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ
           Islam - a monotheistic religion whose followers believe that Allah is god and Muhammed is his prophet, or religious messenger
           Hinduism – religion founded in India, followers believe in a cycle of rebirth
           Buddhism – religion founded in India by Siddharta Gautama, followers try to reach nirvana, or spiritual release
           Describe the similarities and differences among the major world religions.

PRACTICE ITEMS
3. Which of the following is a common characteristic of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?
a.  The belief in more than one god
b.  The belief in reincarnation
c.  The belief in the Father, Son and Holy Spirit
d.  The belief in the God of Abraham
4. Complete the chart
How are cultures similar?
How do cultures differ?
Obtaining Food
Government
Passing on information
Beliefs/Traditions
Nuclear Family
Things/objects




How and what
Food
Clothing
Religion
Governments
Size of family
Language
tools


TEKS 6.16:         Explain how certain institutions are basic to all societies, but characteristics of these institutions may vary from one society to another.

KEY TERMS
           Government - rules and laws for a country that give it a structure
     limited - everyone, even the leaders, are expected to follow laws
·         unlimited - leaders do not always follow the laws
           Economic systems – how a nations economy is set up
·         traditional – people do the jobs that they always have done in their families
·         command – government control of price, supply, and production
·         market (free enterprise) – consumers and producers set prices based on demand and supply
           Religion – a system of spiritual beliefs and practices of a group of people

PRACTICE ITEMS
5.  Which of the following countries does NOT have a democratic government?
A.           Canada
B.           India
C.           Saudi Arabia
D.           Mexico

6. Identify four economic systems.

Traditional
Market/Free Enterprise
Command
Mixed








TEKS 6.19A: Explain the relationship among religious ideas, beliefs, & cultures.

PRACTICE
7.        Complete the chart:

Religion
Believers are called
Holiest City
Ways of Worship
Religious Leaders
Christianity
Christians
Bethlehem, Jerusalem
Church, prayer, sermon, read Bible
Priest, minister, pastor
Islam
Muslims
Jerusalem, Mecca, Medina
Prayer, pilgrimage, reading from Quran
Imam
Judaism
Jews
Jerusalem
Prayer, reading from Torah
Rabbi
Hinduism
Hindus
Ganges River
prayer, meditation
Guru, brahman
Buddhism
Buddhists
Bodh Gaya
Prayer, meditation
Monks


8.  Complete the Venn diagram to compare two religions – Buddhism and Hinduism.









Areas of comparison/key terms can include: polytheism, monotheism, religious leaders, holy books, ritual practices, area of origin, etc.

TEKS 6.21A: Differentiate, locate, and use primary and secondary sources such as computer software, interviews, biographies, oral, print, and visual materials, and artifacts to acquire information about selected world cultures.

KEY TERMS
           Primary sources - an item made at or near the time of a historical event by someone who observed the event firsthand.
           Secondary sources - an item that provides a secondhand interpretation of an event after some time has passed.
           Biographies – a story written about someone’s life
           Artifacts – items that help geographers understand how people lived long ago



Primary Sources
Secondary Sources
A. Definition: an item made at or near the time of a historical event by someone who observed the event firsthand.

1. Usually a written record
2. Can also include visual evidence and physical objects.

B. Examples: newspaper, articles, census records, letters, photographs, diaries, maps, and sound recordings   

A. Definition: an item that provides a secondhand interpretation of an event after some time has passed.

1.        Often based on primary sources
2.        Can use other secondary sources


B. Examples: history books, reference books, maps, and tables based on other sources




PRACTICE
9.        Label each of the following as a primary (P) or secondary (S) source:

__P_Diary                                         _P__Letter                           _S__Biography
__S_Textbook                                 _P__Political cartoon       __S_Website database

10.      Which of the following would be the best resource to determine the current population of the United States?
A.        Biography of President Obama
B.        Dictionary
C.        Map of the United States
D.        Official website of the U.S. government

TEKS 6.21B: Analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions.

PRACTICE
11. Sequence - Which group of dates is arranged in correct chronological order?
            a.  345 B.C. 10 B.C.          245 A.D.       1245 A.D.
            b.  231 B.C. 123 A. D.      46 B.C.          1990 A.D.
            c.  23 B.C.    465 B.C.       267 B.C.       389 B.C.
            d.  410 A.D. 239 A.D.       145 A.D.       23 A.D.

12. Identify – What are the four factors of production?
Labor resource, human resource, natural resource, entreprenuer

13. Summarize – How do the four levels of industry affect the production of a good?
All are needed for production to occur



14. Generalization - What is a generalization that can be made based on the demographic data of Latin America?
A.          Most Latin American countries are Roman Catholic.
B.          Most Latin American countries speak Spanish.
C.          Most Latin American countries were colonized by European countries.
D.          All of the above.

15. Compare and Contrast – Compare and Contrast any 2 of the 5 religions we studied.









TEKS: 6.3 - Use maps, globes, graphs, charts, models, and databases to answer geographic questions.

SKILLS
           How do we use latitude and longitude to locate places? – how far east or west of the Prime Meridian, or how far north or south of the Equator some place is
           How are relative location and absolute location different? – RL is close to where some place is, and AL – is an exact measurement of when someplace is
           What is population density? – the average number of people living in a region
           What is a map projection? – an image of something 3-D like a globe shown on a 2-D surface, like a map
           What information is provided by a legend/key? – what the symbols and colors on a map mean
           What are the different ways the earth can be divided? – into 4 halves – Northern and Southern hemispheres, and Eastern and Western hemispheres
           How do you measure distance on a map? -  map scale

           What is the difference between a map and a globe? – a map is flat and can distort the shape of the land, while a globe is round and more accurate
           What are landforms? physical features like mountains, plains, and valleys
  • What type of information would you gather from a chart, graph, or data base to learn about a nation’s economic status? life expectancy, literacy rate, GDP

KEY TERMS
  • Political and Physical maps – political has human features like boundaries and cities, while a physical shows natural features like oceans, rivers, and vegetation
  • thematic maps – maps that show a theme, such as population density or climate
  • absolute and relative location - RL - close to where some place is, and AL – is an exact measurement of when someplace is
  • continents – large land masses, there are 7 on earth
  • landforms - physical features like mountains, plains, and valleys
  • geographic factors – climate, vegetation, land use, landforms
  • hemisphere – half of the Earth
  • projection – image of the round Earth printed on a flat surface, it distorts the shape
  • scale – tools used to measure distance
  • compass rose – shows N, S, E, W
  • legend/key – see “Skills” above
  • equator – divides Earth in half N and S
  • prime meridian – divides Earth in half E and W
  •  
PRACTICE
16. The eastern part of the Roman Empire was located on which continent?

a.  Europe
b.  Africa
c.  Asia
d.  Spain

17.  The information in the box is an example of -                                                 
Desert
Tundra
Tropical Grassland
Mediterranean
A.        natural regions
B.        absolute location
C.        interdependence
D.        landforms

18. Central America is located in which hemisphere?
A. Southern and Eastern
B. Southern and Western
C. Northern and Western
D. Northern and Eastern

TEKS 6.4A:         Locate major historical and contemporary societies on maps and globes.

KEY TERMS
           Historical societies – maps showing information from long ago
           Contemporary societies – maps showing information from today
           continent – physical feature, a large land mass with countries
           country – political feature, a region with a common set of laws and history
           North America (Native Americans, Colonies, United States and Canada)

PRACTICE
19. What is the relative location of Europe from North America?
            east
20.  What present day country includes the following coordinates:  20° N, 80° E? p. 41
India
21. Which area on the map shows where Britain set up colonies?
            a. Area 1
            b. Area 2
            c. Area 3
            d. Area 4

TEKS 6.4B:         Identify and explain the geographic factors responsible for patterns of population in places and regions.

KEY TERMS
·         Transportation corridors – allow movement
·         Transportation barriers – prevent movement
·         Climate – pattern of weather for a region over a long period of time
·         geographic factors – climate, vegetation, land use, landforms
·         Five themes of geography – pg 35
o   Place – What is it Iike there?
o   Location – Where is it?
o   Region – How does one area compare to another?
o   Movement – How do people, goods, and ideas go from place to place?
o   human environmental interaction – how people change their place and how it can change them
           North America’s Landforms – land use, climate, vegetation
·         Rocky Mountains
·         Appalachian Mountains
·         Great Plains
·         Canadian Shield



PRACTICE

22.  Which pair of geographic factors might discourage the settlement of societies past and present?
A.        Deserts, mountains
B.        Plains, hills
C.        Mountains, rivers
D.        Plains, deserts
23. The coastlines along the countries of Peru and Uruguay have a high population density. What natural feature may contribute to this fact?                                               
        A. deserts
        B. oceans
        C. mountains
        D. plateaus


24. Which country has the most metropolitan areas?
            A. Chile
            B. Argentina
            C. Uruguay
            D. Brazil




TEKS 6.5:  Explain how geographic factors influence the economic development, political relationships, and policies of societies.

KEY TERMS
  • Imports – goods going ____, or being purchased
  • Exports – goods going ______, or being sold away
  • Natural resources: renewable/nonrenewable – materials that come from the ground, such as oil (non-renewable), or tree (renewable)

PRACTICE

Economy      Trade agreement  Physical barriers  Transportation corridors           Resources

North America is a continent with many 25 __resources___.  However, it also contains mountains, deserts, and vast rivers that once formed 26 _Physical barriers_.  As more and more people populated the continent, technology developed to improve movement of people and goods.  One example of this is the interstate highway system in the U.S.  These roads form a network of 27 _ transportation corridors __ that have grown to include Canada and Mexico, too.  The growing 28 __economy_ of the region has increased the number of goods flowing through the continent as well as to other continents.  One result of this growth is NAFTA, a 29 _ Trade agreement _ that promotes cooperation.

TEKS 6.7:  Analyze the impact of interactions between people and the physical environment on the development of places and regions.

KEY TERMS
  • Irrigation – humans control the flow of water to artificially water crops
  • agriculture - farming

PRACTICE
30.      The ancient Aztec and Incan civilizations faced geographic challenges for farming, such as swamps and mountains.  How were these people able to overcome these challenges?
A.        Floating gardens and terrace farming
B.        Irrigation canals and slash-and-burn farming
C.        Hunting and gathering
D.        Raising livestock and irrigation

31.      List three developments in technology that have helped people better adapt to their environment.

TEKS 6.11A: Describe characteristics of limited and unlimited governments.

KEY TERMS
  • Government – rules and laws for a country that give it a structure
  • Limited governments – everyone, even the leaders, are expected to follow laws
  • unlimited governments – leaders do not always follow the laws
  • democracy – rule of many people, limited
  • monarchy – rule of one such as a king or queen
    • absolute - unlimited
    • constitutional - limited
  • dictatorship – rule of one who takes over using the military, unlimited
  • communism – govt and state own all property, unlimited
  • republic – citizens elect representatives to rule, limited
  • oligarchy – rule of a few, usually wealthy, unlimited
  • theocracy – rule by religious law or a religious figure, unlimited

PRACTICE
32.      Which of the following is an example of unlimited government?
A.        Constitutional monarchy
B.        Republic
C.        Democracy
D.        Dictatorship
33.      List three examples of each type of government listed below.

Limited                                              Unlimited
1.democracy                                  1.tyranny
2.Constitutional monarchy        2.dictatorship
3.republic                                        3.monarchy

34. Describe the key characteristics that differentiate a limited government from an unlimited government:
Limited=constitution, rulers have to abide by same laws, individual rights

Unlimited=ruler has unlimited power to do what they want, little to no individual rights



TEKS 6.12A: Identify alternative ways of organizing governments such as rule by one, few, or many.      

KEY TERMS (identify examples of forms of government)
·               Rule by one—monarchy
           Rule by few—oligarchy
           Rule by many—democracy
           Direct democracy— originated in ancient Greece______________
           Republican democracy—originated in ancient __Rome_______, adopted in 1700s by ___United States_______

PRACTICE
Use the chart below to answer the question that follows.

Political System

Characteristics

Democracy

  • Ruled by the people
  • Individual rights protected
Tyranny
  • Ruled by an individual (often a tyrant)
  • Individual rights do not exist

Monarchy

  • Ruled by on (right to rule usually inherited)
  • Individual rights do not exist
Oligarchy
  • Ruled by few (often family)
  • Individual rights do not exist


35. Which of the following statements is true?
A.        All political systems protect the rights of individual citizens.
B.        A monarchy offers the least protection to individual citizens.
C.        Citizens have the right to elect their dictator.
D.        A democracy offers the greatest freedom and protection to citizens.

36. Complete the sentence:
  • A republic is a nation in which the power belongs to the _people__, who govern through __elected____ representatives.

37. Which of the following is an example of a democratic republic?
a.        The laws for a nation are made by a dictator.
b.        The laws for a nation are made by elected representatives.
c.        The laws for a nation are made by the king or queen.
d.        The laws for a nation are made by the wealthy.

TEKS 6.13A: Describe roles and responsibilities of citizens in selected contemporary societies including the United States.

KEY TERMS
  • Rights – privileges citizens automatically are entitled to
  • Responsibilities – duties citizens should perform to make society better
  • Citizen – a legal member of a community or nation
  • Citizenship – the act of being a legal member of a community or nation
  • Patriotism – showing love for one’s country
  • political process – the legal activities that a person does to help the town, state, nation
  • U.S. Constitution – 1787, written document that outlines the US plan for govt and laws
  • Bill of Rights – added in 1791, protects citizens rights from being taken away by govt
  • Identify the rights of being a U.S. citizen. see Ch 4.1, 4.2
Freedom of religion, speech, press; right to bear arms; right to a speedy trial; right to not testify against oneself; right to trial by jury

  • Identify the responsibilities of a U.S. citizen. see p. 91
Pay taxes, cast an informed vote, serve on a jury when asked, serve in military if called upon to do so, community serve, obey laws



 PRACTICE
38.      Citizens of the United States are required to pay taxes.  This is an example of a:
A.        Responsibility
B.        Right
C.        Service
D.        Tradition

39. An adult citizen of the U.S. has the right to participate in the following activities except
A.  military service                                                                                               
B.  printing money
C.  voting in election
D.  running for office

40. Name 3 of the 6 responsibilities of being a U.S. citizen. Describe the importance of each action.





TEKS 6.8 B: Identify and differentiate among traditional, market, and command economies in selected contemporary societies, including the benefits of the U.S. free enterprise system.

KEY TERMS
  • traditional – people do the jobs that they always have done in their families
  • command – government control of price, supply, and production
  • market (free enterprise) – consumers & producers set prices based on demand & supply
  • economic indicators – what economists use to measure whether a country has a developed economy, undeveloped, or developing
    • GDP – gross domestic product, or how much a nation sells during a year
    • literacy rates – number of people who can read
    • mortality rates – number of people who die in a year
    • life expectancy – how long people are expected to live

PRACTICE

41. Identify the economic system based on its characteristics:


__Traditional____
Determined by social and cultural customs
Allocation of resources, goods, and services may be determined by local leaders.

___Command_______
Government control of resources, production, and pricing

___Market/Free Enterprise___
Supply and demand determines price and production.
There is very little government intervention.
Entrepreneurship is encouraged.


42. What is the main difference between a command and market economy?
A.        Supply and demand
B.        Competition between businesses
C.        Government control of production
D.        Availability of natural resources






43. What are the benefits of a free-enterprise/market system?
Possible increased profit for entrepreneur
High quality because of competition
Low price because of competition

TEKS 6.9 A:        Describe ways in which factors of production (natural resources, labor, capital, and entrepreneurs) influence the economies of selected contemporary societies.

KEY TERMS
  • Factors of production – the 4 ingredients that go into the production of a good; a change in supply or price of one can affect the others and the total price of the good
  • natural resources – the raw materials used in a product
  • labor resources – the work people do to make a product
  • capital resources – the tools and technology used to put the product together
  • entrepreneur – the idea person who puts it all together
  • supply – the amount of a product for sale
  • demand – how much people want the product
  • competition – when producers go against each other to sell a product faster, or when consumers go against each other to see who can buy a product cheaper
  • scarcity – not enough of
  • abundance – a lot of
  • trade – exchange of goods between people or nations

PRACTICE
44.      Which of the following is MOST likely to cause the price of a taco to increase?
A.        The wages of the workers at the restaurant go down.
B.        A new taco stand opens across the street.
C.        The cost of beef, lettuce, and tomatoes goes up.
D.        Other restaurants lower their price of tacos.







45. What are the four factors of production?  Draw an example for each.
Human resources
Natural resources
Capital resources
Entrepreneur


TEKS 6.10A: Define and give examples of primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary industries.

KEY TERMS
  • Primary – taking of raw materials from the ground
  • Secondary – making those raw materials into a product at a factory
  • Tertiary – selling those products in a store or business
  • Quaternary – passing on information to the other industries about a product
  • Interdependence – relying on one another
  • Distribution – the spreading around of something
  • Industry – making something

PRACTICE
46. What are the four types of industries?
           What are examples of the different types of industries?

Industry
Example
Primary/agricultural
Farming, mining, logging, fishing, oil rigging
Secondary/manufacturing
Refining gasoline, making paper, clothes, etc.
Tertiary/Retail, Wholesale, Service
Stores, gas station, lawn services, hairdresser, mechanics
Quaternary/research
Universities, marketing, media outlets





47. Write the type of industry (P,S,T,Q) for each example listed below.
a.        Target  T                                                                  b.        Wells Fargo Bank  T
c.        Imperial Sugar Factory   S                                 d.        Coal Mine  P
e.        Shell Gas Station  T                                              f.          Research Survey  Q
g.        Crash Test Dummy Facility       Q                     h.        College  Q
i.          Farmer          P                                                         j.          Dow Chemical Company S,T,Q


TEKS: 6.3   Use maps, globes, graphs, charts, models, and databases to answer geographic questions.

PRACTICE

48. In what hemispheres are the US and Canada found?
A. Southern and Eastern
B. Southern and Western
C. Northern and Western
D. Northern and Eastern

49. Label the US and CANADA on the world map:

Canada
US







TEKS 6.4A:         Locate major historical and contemporary societies on maps and globes.

PRACTICE
50. Make a Key and Shade the regions in North America where the British, French, and Spanish set up colonies.


British = eastern

French = Central

Spanish = southwestern



TEKS 6.4B:         Identify and explain the geographic factors responsible for patterns of population in places and regions.

PRACTICE
51. On the 2 maps below, shade where most of the people in those countries live.
                        (Near ocean/water)
52. Give 2 geographic factors for each explaining why people live there.
            Climate, water resources








TEKS 6.11A: Describe characteristics of limited and unlimited governments.

PRACTICE
53. The United States relies on a code of laws for government. Our code is called the 
        Constitution.  This type of rule is called __________.                       
A.    limited government                           
B.    anarchy
C.  unlimited government                      
D.  oligarchy

54. What is the difference between limited and unlimited government?
a. In an unlimited government citizens are a part of the political process. In a limited government citizens are not part of the political process
b. In a limited government laws must be followed by leaders and in a unlimited government leaders do not have to follow the laws.
c. Various forms of limited and unlimited government are different among world societies and it is the decision of that country on the form of government they will use.

TEKS 6.12A: Identify alternative ways of organizing governments such as rule by one, few, or many.

PRACTICE
55. Gatesland is a make-believe country with a population of 100,000 people.  Laws 
are made and issues decided by a group of 100 of the wealthiest people in Gatesland. This type of government is an example of __________.                                      
A.        democracy
B.        monarchy
C.        oligarchy
D.        dictatorship

56. Smithland is a make-believe country with a population of about 100,000 people and about 100 communities.  Each year every community holds an election in which they elect one person to represent them in the Smithland government.  This is an example of __________.                 A.        representation and oligarchy
B.        dictatorship
C.        monarchy
D.        representative democracy











TEKS 6.13A: Describe roles and responsibilities of citizens in selected contemporary societies including the United States.

PRACTICE

57. and 58.




Pay Taxes
Obey laws
Serve on jury
Serve on military
Community service
Participate in the political process
Cast informed vote
 




























TEKS 6.16:         Explain how certain institutions are basic to all societies, but characteristics of these institutions may vary from one society to another.

PRACTICE

59. Complete the diagram that sets up the organization and structure of the United States government.
US GOVERNMENT TREE


Separation of powers
Separation of powers
Judicial
Executive
Legislative
Interpret laws
Enforce laws
Make laws
courts
President, VP, cabinet
Congress
House of  Rep.
Senate
Checks and balances
 













TEKS 6.4A:         Locate major historical and contemporary societies on maps and globes.

PRACTICE
60a. The US declared its independence in _1776________.


60b. Label the 2 letter abbreviations of the 13 colonies/first 13 states on the map.
New Hampshire
 

Pennsylvania
Georgia
Virginia
S.Carolina
N.Carolina
Maryland
Delaware
NJ
NY
Conn
RI
Mass.